ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS
Duration of action – 8 to 12 hrs
Oral drug are well absorbed after oral administration, highly bounded plasma proteins (90%) and have low volume of distribution. They are useful in patient with type 2 diabetes patients
1. SULPHONYLUREAS
Tolbutamide (Rastinone)
Daily dose – 0.5 to 2g three divided doses
Duration of action – 6 to 12 hrs
Glibenclamide (glyburide)
Daily dose – 1.25 to 20 mg in single or two divided doses
Duration of action – 12 to 24 hrs
Gliclazide (Dizide)
Daily dose – 40 to 320 mg single or two divided dose
Duration of action – 12 to 18 hrs
Glimepiride (Diapride)
Daily dose – 1to 8 mg single dose
Duration of action – up to 24 hrs
USES
• They are administered orally,sulphonylureas group of drug promote release of insulin from pancreas beta cells.
• ADVERSE EFFECT
• Weight gain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Sulphonylureas not safe for pregnancy
• Best to avoided in elderly patient because of high risk of hypoglycemia
2. BIGUANIDE {METFORMIN (Diamet)}
Daily dose – 500 mg( TDS) given with food
USES
• It is useful in obese patients with type 2 diabetic alone or combination of sulphonylureas
3. MANALOGUE (Repaglinide)
• Daily dose – 0.25 to 4 mg in two divided dose given 15 minutes before breakfast and dinner
• Duration of action – 3 hrs
USES
• Use combination of metformin
4. D PHENYLALANINE DERIVATIVE ( Nateglinide)
Daily dose – 60 to 120 mg (TDS) given just before food
Duration of action – 2 hrs
USES
• Its short duration of action
5. THIAZOLIDINEDIONES(Pioglitazone)
Daily dose – 15 to 45 mg
Duration of action – up to 24 hrs
6. ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR
(Acarbose)
Daily dose – 50 mg (bd),gradually increase dose to 100 mg
Duration of action – 4 hrs
7. GLP – 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST (EXENATIDE)
Daily dose – 5 to 10 mcg (subcutaneously), bd one hour before breakfast and dinner
Duration of action – 6 hrs
8. DPP – 4 INHIBITOR (SITAGLIPTIN)
Daily dose – 100mg once (daily)
Duration of action – 24hrs
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