Diabetic retinopathy is a Diabetic complications, it's occurs in both type1 and type2 diabetes, Diabetic retinopathy is caused by changes in the small blood vessels in the retina
Retina is the area of the eye that receive image and sends information about the image to the brain
In Diabetic retinopathy changes in the microvasculature include microaneurysms,intra retinal hemorrhage,hard exudates,and focal capillary closure.
Types of diabetic retinopathy
1.Prolifirative retinopathy
2.Background retinopathy
3.Diabetic maculopathy
What causes Diabetic retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy is caused by overtime hyperglycemia, can damage,weaken small blood vessels in the retina and
Also causes hemorrhage, exudates, swelling of the retina
What are the risk factor from Diabetic retinopathy?
1.Hypertension
2.Hyperglycemia
3.Hyperlipidemia ( Raise fate level in the blood)
4.Poor metabolic control
5.Obesity
6.Smoking
7.Anemia
What are the symptoms of Diabetic retinopathy?
1. Eye pain
2. Blurred vision
3.Spotty or hazy vision
4.Impaired colored vision
5.Double vision
6.vision loss
Diagnostic test of diabetic retinopathy
1.Direct visualization of the retina through dialated pupils with an ophthalmoscope
2.Fluorescein angiography
3.Blood sugar ( RBS,FBS)
4. Serum lipid profile
5. Evaluation of HbA1C
Diabetic retinopathy management
1.Patient without preexisting retinopathy maintenance of blood glucose to a normal,type 1 Diabetes intensive insulin therapy and patient education decreased the risk of retinopathy by 76%,progression of retinopathy decreased by 54%
2.Other strategies include control of hypertension,blood glucose and cessation of smoking
3.The main treatment is argon laser photocoagulation,the laser treatment destroy leaking blood vessels and areas of neovascularization, for patient who risk for hemorrhage panretinal photocoagulation reduce the rate of progression to blindness
- photocoagulation treatment are usually performed on an outpatient basis and most patient can return to their usual activities by the next day
Diabetic retinopathy surgical management
- a vitrectomy is a surgical procedure in which vitreous humor filled with blood or fibrous tissue is removed with a special drill - like instrument and replaced with saline or another liquid
- A vitrectomy is performed for patients who already have visual loss
Diabetic retinopathy complications
1.Cataracts
2.Lens changes
3.Extraocular muscle palsy
4.Glaucoma
Way to prevent diabetic retinopathy
- Education focused on prevention through regular ophthalmologic examination
- Blood glucose control
- self management of eye Care regimens
- early diagnosis, educating the patient and family
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