What is nosocomial infection?
Infection occure in a patient who was admitted to the hospital or other health care facility, This infection acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge
Definition
Nosocomial infection otherwised called Hospital acquired infection, are infection acquired during hospital care which are not present or incubating at admission, infection occuring more than 48 hours after admission.
Source of nosocomial infection
1.Contaminated Hospital environment
2.Invasive devices like urinary catheters, vascular catheters, Endotracheal tubes, wounds, Endoscopes
3.Medical personal
Infected, Transient,carriers
Causes of nosocomial infection
Common microorganisms
1.Aerobic Gram - positive cocci ( staphylococcus aureas [MRSA] , Enterococcus
2.Aerobic gram - negative bacilli ( Escherichiacoli, Pseudomonads, Klebsiella pneumonia)
Nosocomial transmission of community acquired multidrug resistant organisms
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Salmonella spp
-shigella spp
Other cause of Nosocomial Infection
1. Lack of training in basic infection control
2. Inadequate facilities
3.Lack of isolation
4.Interventional obstetrics practice
5. Mechanical ventilator
6. Inadequate sterilization and disinfection practice and inadequate cleaning of hospitals
Types of Nosocomial infection
1. Surgical site infection
-Any purulent discharge, abscess, cellulitis at the surgical site
2.urinary Infection
- with positive urine culture
3.Respiratory infection
- following signs appearing during hospitalization
- cough
-purulent sputum
-new infiltrate on chest
Vascular catheters infection , information or purulent discharge at the insertion site of the catheter
Mode of transmission of nosocomial infection
1. Hands or clothing
2. Droplets
3. Parenteral route
4. Dust
5. Oral route
Prevention and control of nosocomial infection
1.infection control manual
Nosocomial infection prevention recommended instructions and practice for patient care is an important tool
- protect own patient from other infected patient
- Complying with the practices approved by the infection control committee
-Obtaining appropriate specimens when an infection is present or suspected
-notifying causes of hospital acquired infection to the team
- advising patient, visitors and staff on technique to prevent the transmission of infection
2.Infection control committee
Infection control committee consist of following member, it's functioning effectively reduce the infection rate
Doctors
1. General physician
2. Infection diseases specialist
3.Surgeon
4.Clinical microbiologist
- Infection control nurse
- other departments
1. Laboratory
2. Housekeeping
3. Pharmacy and central supply
4. Administration
Infection control committee when functioning effectively, will
- Reduce the spread of infection
- Reduce the morbidity and mortality
- Maintain employee health and morale
- Reduce the incidences of Antimicrobial resistance
- Decrease health care costs
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