Diabetic foot and leg problem - medicobrainlibrary ~ MEDICO BRAIN LIBRARY

What is Diabetic foot ulcer

Development of a diabetic foot ulcer begins with a soft tissue injury of the foot, 40 to 75% of lower extremity amputation are performed on people with diabetes,more than 40% of these amputation to be preventable, provides patient are taught foot care measure and practice them on a daily basis.

High risk characteristics

1.Diabetes more than 10 years
2.Age more than 40 years
3.History of smoking
4.Decreas peripheral pulses
5.Decreased sensation
6.History of previous foot ulcer or amputation

Diabetic complications that contribute to the increased risk of foot problem and infections include the following :

1.Neuropathy:

Sensory neuropathy - loss of pain and pressure sensation.

Autonomic neuropathy - decrease sweating, increased dryness,

Motor neuropathy - muscular atrophy leads to changes in the shape of foot.

2.Peripheral vascular diseases:

of the lower extremities leads to poor wound healing and gangrene formation.

3.Immunocompromise :

Hyperglycemia impaired the ability of specialized leukocytes to destroy bacteria, leads to lowered resistance of certain infection.

Management :

1.Manual inspection of the feet, feet should be examined during every health care visit (At least once per year)

2.properly bathing, drying and lubricating the feet

3. Wear closed toed shoes that fit well

4.Trimming toenails

5. Patient should be assessed for neuropathy and undergo evaluation of neurologic status

6.Evaluated blood lipids

7.Blood glucose control is important for avoiding infection and diabetic neuropathy.

8.Avoid over counter medication and self medication to treat foot problem

9.Avoiding home remedies